An analysis of modern trends of Rickettsiae’s detection and laboratory diagnostics for spotted fever group rickettsioses is present. Due to the sharp decline in the range of manufactured products and increase the spectrum of rickettsial species identified in Russia, new approaches required to laboratory verification of diagnoses. IFA and ELISA with antigens of relevant species of Rickettsia can be recommended to detect antibodies to the SFG rickettsiae. PCR-restriction analysis and sequencing of PCR products most appropriate for the detection and identification of SFG Rickettsia, biological methods are necessary for studying of pathogenic species of Rickettsia.

Species-specific recombinant proteins of leptospira are genetically engineered by the method of gene manipulation. Their high activity and antigenic specificity are established. On the basis of these proteins an immunoassay test kit for detecting JgG to Leptospira is constructed.

Data of Federal Service on Customers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance State reports for the administrative eareas in 2010 - 2012 on sanitary-epidemiological well being of the population were analyzed, as well as information from the published sources on the toxocara infestation of dogs and cats in the different regions of Russia and the results of their own research. Attention is drawn to fairly high toxocara infestation level of the domestic carnivores in almost all regions of Russia. Dogs infected in 30 - 60% (in some regions - in 100%) of cases. Infestation of cats is from 15 to 76% of individuals. Toxocara eggs detected in washouts with the green, with the hands of children, furniture and toys in kindergartens and schools, as well as on a fur of dogs. Soil is contaminated with toxocara eggs even in the areas with a short cool summer: Kamchatka region, Chukotka autonomous area. It is concluded that the risk of toxocara human infection exists at present throughout the Russian Federation, regardless of weather conditions. This peril is associated with the generally infected of dogs, contamination toxocara eggs of objects of environment, the development of technologies for cultivation of vegetable crops in greenhouses, where conditions are favorable for the development of geohelminthes eggs.

Invasive pneumococcal serotypes landscape in various Russian regions studied. The study showed dominance (in decreasing order of importance) serogroups/serotypes 3, 6, 19, 4, 23, 18, 14, 15, 7, 11 and 9, which accounted for 88% of all identified serogroups/ serotypes. Among children under 5 years occupied a leading position serogroups/serotypes 19F, 18, 14, 6, 3, 7F and 23F, whereas among adults older than 45 years was dominated by serogroup/serotype 3, 6, 19F, 11, 4, 18, 23, 7, 15 and 14. The most frequently encountered material samples sectional serotypes 4, 23F, 14, 11A, 19F and 3.

Work purpose. The analysis of epidemiological features of outbreak of a shigellosis in Tkuarchal in the Republic Abkhazia in 2013 and efficiency of actions for its elimination. Results. The waterway of transfer of the activator with formation of a large number of the centers of an infection, including family was realized. It is established that an causal factor of a disease is Shigella sonnei I, II. Differences in a plasmid profile of the allocated strain (existence of two additional plasmids - pBS512 S. boydii and pO26-Vir E. coli H30) that, apparently, provided the raised strain pathogenicity, and, respectively, allowed to cause large flash of a shigellosis in Tkuarchal in the Republic Abkhazia. conclusion. The anti-epidemic actions for localization and elimination of epidemic outbreak directed on elimination of a water factor of transfer of the activator with the subsequent rupture of a contact and household way of distribution of an infection provided gradual decrease in incidence and elimination of outbreak.

The present study describes etiological structure of population of influenza viruses that circulated in Russian Federation in epidemic season 2013 - 2014. It was shown that from 495 isolates influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses comprise 46.3%, influenza A(H3N2) - 44.2% and influenza B - 9.5% with domination of Yamagata lineage. Comparative study of antigenic properties of major influenza surface protein hemagglutinin was conducted based on the results of HI test and three-dimensional antigenic cartography. The correspondence between WHO recommended strains for vaccine composition 2013 - 2014 and Russian strains of the analyzed period was shown. Quantitative analysis of enzyme activity of the second surface influenza protein - neuraminidase - for 203 influenza strains differing in year of isolation, antigenic composition and host specificity showed that the highest activity was registered for the neuraminidase of A(H5N1) influenza viruses. In general, the activity of N1 neuraminidase was higher than that of N2 subtype, but sufficient individual variation of NA activity within the subtype could be registered.

In this report, we evaluated the performance of C6 peptide based multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHANTM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) for laboratory diagnosis of Ixodid Tick-borne Borrelioses (ITBB). The study was conducted on 155 patients with localized and disseminated stages of the disease, the cases of mixed infection with ITBB and human granulocytic anaplasmosis including. Positive PHOSPHAN reactions were observed in 78 ± 7.7% of patients with erythema migrans (EM) and 91 ± 11.7% of patients without cutaneous manifestations of the disease. The frequency of PCR positive samples was lower, 26 ± 8.2% and 72 ± 17.1% respectively. The maximum frequency of positive samples detected by both methods was mainly observed at 2 - 4 week from the onset of the disease (or 22 - 35 day after tick bite). In general, PHOSPHAN provided serologic confirmation of the disease in 52 of 55 (94.5 ± 6.2%) patients, whose blood contained Borrelia DNA. Only 3 patients tested positive in PCR (1 - with EM and 2 - without this skin manifestation) were seronegative. These data confirmed the high efficiency of PHOSPHAN method for serologic verification of ITBB both at localized and disseminated stages of the disease. The use of PCR (in addition to PHOSPHAN) is appropriate within a certain period of time (no later than 2 - 3 weeks from the onset of the disease) to clarify the diagnosis in seronegative patients having clinical signs of disseminated non-cutaneous form of ITBB, or atypical cutaneous manifestations of erythematous form of the disease.

Cohort study of 130 children with monoinfection TB and co-infection of HIV was carried out. For the first time, both a progradient and a regradient TB course were identified. The progradient diseases pattern in a group of patients with HIV co-infection appears to be 5.3 times higher than in a group of patients with monoinfection. High frequency linkage of epidemiological, social, and medicobiological risk factors were recognized. Predictive significance of the progradient TB course in children with HIV-infection was observed in the following: a contact with TB infected individuals, imperfections in the pediatric observations and the evasion of fluorographic testing by adults interacting with the children and the social deviations of adult members of the family.

Sapronoses group pathogens are characterized by highly epidemic features and play a significant role in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). They can be responsible for outbreaks and severe infections with high mortality and disability of patients. Their share in the etiological structure of HAIs reaches 30%. The most actual sapronoses group pathogens causing HAIs includes Legionella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp. and Clostridium spp. The article discusses the taxonomy, ecology pathogenicity factors and reservoir, particularly sources of infection, factors and ways of pathogens transmission in healthcare settings. The prevention and control measures are systematized.

The data for the immunization of the population of Sochi resort and the staff during preparation for the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi are presented. The characteristics of the organization of the different vaccination groups of operating personnel and the public during major events are analyzed. The conclusion about the effectiveness of the work done to reduce the incidence of immunocorrelated infections in the region of Sochi.

The paper presents evidence of the relevance of pneumococcal infection (PI) in children of Krasnoyarsk. The most severe form of PI is pneumococcal meningitis that characterizes by lesion of not only meninges but brain substance, extreme severity, long-term nonsmooth flow with the development of complications that threaten a patient's life. The inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the planned childhood immunization scheme will significantly reduce the severity of these diseases.

In 2011 - 2012 years in the Institute of childhood infections followed by an open comparative randomized study of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine EntseVir («Microgen») at a dose of 0.25 ml of the two schemes, planned and emergency in children aged 3 - 17 years. As a reference drug used vaccine FSME-Immun junior production (Baxter, AG, Austria). The results of clinical studies have shown that Entsevir at a dose of 0.25 ml has a good safety profile, low reactogenicity. Mostly recorded transient local reactions such as pain at the injection site weak degree. Severe reactions and post-vaccination complications were absent. EntseVir has no immunosuppressive, immunopathological action, highly immunogenic and can be recommended for mass prophylaxis tick-borne encephalitis in children 3 - 17 years on two schemes of vaccination (planned with an interval of 60 days and emergency with an interval of 14 days).

The review presents data on the current stature of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative of the WHO. The success of its implementation mainly depends on the solutions of the problems associated with continuing use of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV): vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). The information about the polio immunization strategy proposed by WHO in «Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013 - 2018» is presented.

The considerable factual data enabled us for the first time to reveal the peculiarities of measles epidemic process manifestations in different stages of the prophylaxis. It was shown that some determinants of measles epidemic process changed during the period of high measles vaccination coverage of children and adult population: measles mortality was eliminated, the seasonal factors do not influence on the dynamics of epidemic process within a year, fluctuations of measles incidences became stochastic over many last years, the measles ceased to be a children infection. Increasing impact on the epidemic process of measles by social factors and less biological factors, which manifests itself in an increase in the proportion of cases among socially deviant groups, individuals decreed professions. Significant role in the epidemic process play internal and external migration.

The review summarizes the WHO materials and recommendations the latest editions of the official guidelines of the Ministries of Health Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, USA, through the vaccination of viral hepatitis B. Special attention is paid to the immunization of persons belonging to the group of increased risk of the infection, the implementation of which is not fully defined in relation to native normative documents: the immunocompromise, hemodialyse, diabetic patients and healthscare personel.

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. Contagion with these viruses often leads to severe dehydration of organism. Rotaviral gastroenteritis cases may repeat intra vitam. Because of the absence of drugs with direct action on rotavirus, a timely vaccination is considered the most effective way of this disease's control. Nowadays vaccines based on attenuated alive rotaviral strains are used for this purpose, which can result in different complications. In this work the immunogenicity of recombinant fusion proteins VP6VP8 and FliCVP6VP8 - the crucial active agents of the candidate vaccine against rotaviruses - was studied. As part of the study highly purified proteins preparationsin native state were obtained, their high antigenic activity in experiments with laboratory Balb/c mice was demonstrated.

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with diabeet. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.

We have estimated the effects of the Brucella abortus 19 ВА inactivated vaccine, thermo extracts of Brucella abortus I-206 in the L- and S-forms and corpuscular antigen of Brucella abortus I-206 in L-form on the population and subpopulation structure of blood cells and peritoneal fluid of white mice. It was showed that the antigen preparations of Brucella abortus I-206 in L-form didn't caused endogenous intoxication of the organism of experimental animals in distinction from the inactivated vaccine of Brucella abortus 19 BA.

Study of Bacillus anthracis 34F2 Sterne antigenic preparation S-2 and its combined use with nanostructured cobalt-arabinogalaktan (Со-АG) is presented. The ability of these preparations to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes is demonstrated. However, content of the B-lymphocyte circulating subpopulations depends on the time of observation. Co-AG exhibits adjuvant properties enhanced the immunogenic features of the S-2 B. anthracis 34F2 Sterne that may indicate its availability as an adjuvant in the construction of chemical vaccines.