Presents the results of a critical analysis of the existing classifications of pathogens sapronoses and they cause human diseases. In relation to sapronoses investigated the compliance of the content of epidemiological terminology to new scientific data. Applied ecological approach differentiation sapronoses on biotic reservoirs of microorganisms common to humans, animals and plants (prokaryotes). Shows the inconsistencies and contradictions of the traditional concepts and categories that characterize causal factors and conditions a variety of symbiotic relationships facultative parasites of man and animals with their owners. Regulatory influence of the environment provides mechanisms for the transmission of microorganisms in natural reservoirs, modes of transmission of human (warm-blooded animals) and the temporary survival of populations of potential pathogens sapronoses in adverse effects. Environmental factors through a state of the hosts encourage alternation of types of food microorganisms - from saprophytism to pathogenic parasitism and development phase of the epizootic (epiphytotics) process. The incidence of people (animals, plants) sapronoses infections correlated with the feeding habits of organisms in the tanks, the number and status of populations of hosts, independent of the variability of seasonal factors and habitat characteristics. The necessity of differentiation of sapronoses on saprozoonoses, zooanthroponosis and saprozoonoses with the prospect of separation in the future on phytonoses (including prokaryotes as a reservoir of organisms), phytozoonoses and phytozoonoanthroposes. The principle of separation of biotic reservoirs of pathogens sapronoses and mechanisms of their circulation in parasitic and other symbiotic systems, established in the epidemiology of anthroponoses and zoonoses, will allow to unify the terminology and classification of diseases based on biological approach.

The analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of influenza data weekly to WHO data in the summer of 2015 in the countries of the Southern and Northern hemispheres It is shown that in the Southern hemisphere registered a moderate influenza epidemics in Oceania and South Africa and local and regional outbreaks. In the Northern hemisphere was registered to the local influenza outbreak and sporadic morbidity. The main causative agent of the influenza was virus influenza B, except Asia, where the predominant influenza A(H3N2). In the Northern hemisphere the proportion of influenza was greater, than in the South. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were detected mainly in Africa and S. America. Antigenic analyses of influenza viruses revealed the circulation in Canada of strain B/Massachusetts/2/2012 (Yamagata line) (69.7%) and A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) (8.6%), while in N. Zealand - B/ Phuket/3073/2013(Yamagata line) (45%) and strain A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) (24.8%). Virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was represented by the strain A/California/7/2009 in both countries. In the epidemic season 2015 - 2016 will continue circulation previously identified influenza viruses, but we cannot exclude the possibility of emergence of new strains of influenza viruses. In Russia you can expect a mixed epidemic (A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B) moderate intensity at the usual time (in the second half of January).

The results of a cohort study of 177 newborns, from birth until they were 18 months old, are presented: the 87 children with unrealized perinatal HIV infection and 90 children were not exposed to HIV prenatally. Children who were free from HIV, but exposed to HIV prenatally, have 5.5 times higher prevalence of risk factors of tuberculosis, is associated with unfavorable social environment and health disorders. Children with unrealized perinatal HIV infection constitute a risk group of tuberculosis.

Introduction. Currently, the issue of early detection of tuberculosis infection in children with use as the primary method of tuberculin is extremely important. Against the background of the current debate about the effectiveness of TB infection immunodiagnostics the technique of posing skin tests using a skin prick test, developed and patented in the Samara State Medical University. Purpose. To optimize the screening immunodiagnostics of TB infection. Materials and methods. Were Mantoux tuberculin purified with the standard and the sample dilution 2mE prick test in 300 children aged 3 to 7 years. Results and conclusions. Compares the staging technique samples, the qualitative characteristics of the techniques and the results of tests with the help of ultrasound papules. The data show the advantages of the proposed method, the last registration and certification.

The paper presents the epidemiological characteristics of diseases of the female population of the Omsk region of breast cancer (BC) from 2003 to 2012, Determined the dynamics of morbidity. A comparative analysis of breast cancer incidence rates in urban and rural residents of the area. In the structure of malignant tumors of the female population of the Omsk region the proportion of breast cancer was 23.3% and was lower than the national average (20.0%). In rural areas, compared with the regional center had higher growth rates of incidence of breast cancer (1.5-fold).

Knowledge regarding distribution of serological markers of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection in the population of endemic regions is an important indicator of the public health and hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of HEV among different age groups of the population in Kyrgyzstan regions. 648 serum samples of persons without liver pathology received in December 2014 to February 2015 was tested by immunoassay kit «DS-EIA-ANTI-HEV-G» (Diagnostic systems, Russia). IgG antibodies to HEV were detected in 4.8% (n = 31) of the examined samples. An analysis of the level of seropositivity in different regions and in different age groups of the population was made. The greatest number of seropositive persons were identified in Bishkek and Chuskaya oblast. The antibodies were detected most frequently in individuals aged 1 to 5, 15 to 19 years old and older than 50 years old. The obtained data indicate the constant virus circulation in Kyrgyzstan in interepidemic period.

Chitosan-based adjuvants combine effectiveness, safety and economic feasibility and thus are quite promising for enhancement of influenza control via vaccination, however, problems of characterization and reproducibility remain unresolved; data on relations between physical-chemical characteristics (PCC) of the polymer and immunogenicity of chitosan-based adjuvants, as well as comparative evaluation with other adjuvants are needed. Groups of mice were immunized intramuscularly with inactivated influenza vaccines based on A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) strain with characterized adjuvants based on chitosan with varying PCC (molecular mass 700 and 10 kDa, deacetylation degree 85%; HMC and LMC, respectively) and its derivative (succinylated chitosan (SC)). Experimental formulations were also studied: an «oil-in-water» emulsion (ME) and a multi-component adjuvant (MS). Different adjuvants increased immunogenicity of the inactivated influenza vaccines by hemagglutinin inhibiting sera antibodies in varying patterns. HMC was more immunogenic than LMC, whereas SC even reduced immunogenicity of the vaccine. HMC was comparable to MS by immunogenicity, and LMC - to ME. PCC of chitosan and its derivatives play an important role in immunogenicity of the respective adjuvants, and perspective and characterized chitosan-based adjuvants are comparable or even more immunogenic than adjuvants from other groups.

CRM197 is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin having a single amino acid substitution of a glycine for a glutamic acid in position 52. Being naturally nontoxic, CRM197 is a promising adjuvant and ideal carrier protein for conjugate vaccines. Typically, production of diphtheria toxic and non-toxic mutants are carried out in Corynebacterium diphtheria. Production of recombinant CRM197 in Escherichia coli is advantageous. It is simple, cheap and permits production of the target protein in a short time using a non-pathogenic microorganism. In this study the pharmacology grade substance of recombinant protein CRM197 was developed based on chemical properties of the protein. The substance of recombinant protein CRM197 is characterized by presence of 0.054 ng/mcg of CRM197 E. coli host cell protein, 1.26 pg/mcg of CRM197 E.coli Host Cell DNA and less than 0,078 EU endotoxins per 1 mg of recombinant protein CRM197.

Assessment of influence of annual seasonal vaccination on flu incidences of the Russian Federation population is carried out. The strong inverse correlation between the preventive flu vaccination coverage and the incidence of this infection is established. It is shown that the season vaccination in 2013 - 2014 result that about 40% of the samples of blood serum collected in 25 regions of Russia were positive to the vaccine influenza strains. It is necessary to vaccinate annually not less than 50% of total population, with not less than 90% immunization coverage of risk groups for ensuring necessary level of population immunity to stop a flu epidemic and to promote decrease in incidence of this infection in the Russian Federation

The article shows results of a research of flu vaccines epidemiologic efficiency in groups of Sverdlovsk region population of different age, professions and social statuses. The epidemiologic efficiency rate varies from 54.05 ± 8.77 to 92.79 ± 1.53% depending on vaccinated population percentage. The effect of total vaccination of population on flu and ARVI epidemics are presented in the article. A rate of vaccinated population varies from 35 to 42 percentage. Sickness rate reduced not only among vaccinated but also among non-vaccinated population. An epidemic period has been reduced from 10 to 4 weeks, consequently a number of diseased during epidemic period diminished from 9.8 ± 1.9 to 7.53 ± 3.73%.

Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b infection is the principal method of its prophylaxis. This position is supported the results of extensive immunization which leading to significant morbidity decrease. The article discusses compositions of modern conjugated mono and associated vaccines, which has been licenced in Russia, USA, Great Britain, Canada and Australia, tactics and schedules of immunization. The special attention gives to immunocompromised person s vaccination, who possess the high sensibility to the infection.

The Chelyabinsk Region (Southern Urals) is high endemic territory. The TBE incidence is 3.57 ± 1.7 per 100 000 of population. A level of vaccination against TBE increased from 0.3 to 34.8% in 1999 - 2013. Specific immunity of population in 35.9% is connected with vaccination, in 64.1% with natural immunity consequently latent contact with TBE virus. Dynamics of vaccinal prevention, increasing of population immunity in different landscapes, and in different age groups were studied. 77.7% of TBE patients did not vaccinated, 18.2% received of specific immunoglobulin at postexposition and 3.7% persons were vaccinated. Unusual lethal case in patient, who received 8 doses of vaccine is analysed in this article.

We made recombinant antigen GE containing fragment of VZV glycoprotein E (Gly48 - Glu135) fused to E. coli beta-galactosidase and confirmed its antigen specificity by Western blotting and competitive-inhibition enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in comparison with commercial analogues and natural viral antigens. We showed interaction of recombinant GE protein with IgG antibodies from rabbits immunized by vaccine viral strain. GE protein also specifically reacted in ELISA with 66% of sera from zoster patients and 35% of sera from control groups including sera containing antibodies to other herpes viruses, sera from healthy donors, and sera from patients with different forms of intestinal disorders. Consequently, we demonstrated possibility of application of our recombinant GE VZV as antigen for diagnostics and research use.

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.