In order to study the dynamics of the incidence of influenza and ARI in the cities of Russia and the impact of the demographic composition of its population we evaluated changes in the age structure of the population from 1986 to 2014. Considerable changes in the 28 years dynamics of the total incidence of influenza and ARI revealed. The highest incidence rate from 1969 to 1990 gave way to decrease in the incidence from 1991 to 2008 in all cities, especially in megacities, and to increase during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation. Reduction of the differences in the incidence of influenza and ARI in cities with different population is noted. From 1969 to 2014 there have been significant changes in the dynamics of influenza and ARI incidence: reduction in the incidence from 1991 in all the cities, especially in megacities, increasing of incidence during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation years from 2009 to 2014, and reducing the difference in the incidence of influenza and ARI in cities with varying populations. In most cities, the incidence remained high throughout the observation period. In 2009 - 2014 the incidence has become higher in the Barnaul, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and lower in the Krasnodar and Ulan-Ude compared with the periods from 1986 to 2008. The results from correlation analysis reveal that incidence of influenza and ARI is significantly positively correlated with the age and number of children's groups, more pronounced in the younger age groups, at 95% confidence level. Children 0 - 2 years revealed significant strong correlation in 27 of the 34 cities, the average correlation coefficient, R = 0.75, children 3 - 6 years - a strong (in 16 cities) and the average (in 16 cities), R = 0.63, children 7 - 14 years - a strong (in 9 cities) and average (in 15 cities), R = 0.53, in adults found an association of moderate strength only in 8 cities R = 0.48.

The retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles in Moscow for the period from 1992 to 2014 shows the decisive role of mass vaccination for achievement of epidemiological well-being on measles. In 2007 Russia had reached the incidence rate less than one case per million population which is recommended by WHO for implementation of the program of measles elimination in the country. Nevertheless Moscow and Russian Federation show the rise of the infection since 2011. The paper analyses the dynamics of measles incidence among Moscow population, the age structure and disease focus, as well as outlines a possible range of causes that resulted in the complication of the epidemiological situation.

For the first time natural leptospirosis focus was revealed in the Irkutsk suburb in 2012 - 2014 during epizootological inspection of a pond-marsh complex. Total 74 small animals (14 species) were examined, specific fragments of Leptospira DNA were found in 16,2%; positive in microagglutination test results were in 1,6% of the samples. Two pathogenic Leptospira strains were isolated from tundra common shrews (Sorex tundrensis) and one isolate - from a water vole (Arvicola terrestris). Circulation of pathogenic Leptospira in a city line represents a potential risk of infection for local population that requires the planning and realization of appropriate preventive actions.

The results of development and implementation of a global Salmonella surveillance system performed by a reference center for the salmonellosis monitoring in a number of areas around Russia, which are the main bases of the center, are discussed in the paper. Given that the representatives of the three Salmonella serovars (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis) make up to 80% of all Salmonella isolates from various sources, it is advisable to exclude data on groups BCD salmonellosis from the form number 2 (Reports on infectious and parasitic diseases), replacing it with three major Salmonella serovars. It is reasonable to exclude information regarding serogroups. The conclusion is that within the global surveillance system it is necessary to promote interagency collaboration and communication of specialists in different fields. The forecast of epidemic situation for salmonellosis in the next few years is also generated.

Some kinds of external migration of the population are considered as a risk factor for occurrence of the epidemic foci of dangerous infectious diseases in Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The role of tourism and labour transboundary migration in formation of epidemic complications for dangerous infectious diseases is shown. The urgency of threats for the disease importations representing danger to humans including influenza caused by a new virus subtype, measles, cholera, poliomyelitis and Dengue fever etc increases in the given regions.

Individually 470 Dermacentor nuttalli and 46 Haemaphysalis concinna ticks collected in Irkutsk Region were analyzed using RT-PCR test systems. Rickettsia contamination of D. nuttalli was 82,3% including 1,3% of the ticks with R. sibirica DNA. H. concinna ticks were infected by rickettsia to 8,7% and the detected DNA in 6,5% of cases belonged to R. heilongjiangensis. PCR results were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three gene fragments: citrate synthase (gltA) and ompA and ompB surface proteins. Thus, circulation of two Rickettsia species pathogenic to humans was determined at the examined area.

For comparative (with 2006) estimates of the system of epidemiological safety of endoscopic manipulations were interviewed 1066 endoscopic units 46 of the administrative territories of the Russian Federation. Rooms for endoscope reprocessing is not equipped in 23.2% of hospitals (in 2006 - 64,4%); the manual way of reprocessing (77% in 2014 against 94.1% in 2006) in containers prevails; 28.5% of hospitals for the HLD use the disinfectants without a sporocidal activity (in 2006 - 33.3% of hospitals); the technical equipment for AERs, cabinets for drying and storage of endoscopes since 2006 significantly didn't change; the medical staff for endoscope reprocessing allocated only in 4.5% of endoscopic units.

The paper shows the possibility of assessment of individual risk of developing breast cancer in women using an algorithm based on Bayes ' theorem. An epidemiological study (such as "case-control"), the prevalence of known risk factors for breast cancer in the female population of the Omsk region (n = 1002). The estimation of informativenes of risk factors for breast cancer signs and in terms of the likelihood ratio. Defined sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic test.

The article presents results of analysis of morbidity the population living in the area of passage of the Amur - Yakutsk railway in the Republic of Yakutia in 2003 - 2013. The structure of morbidity of the population living in the study territories have a similar picture with the Republic of Yakutia. The diseases included in four clusters; the most relevant (share in the amount of disease and level morbidity per 100 thousand population) are respiratory diseases (I cluster), injuries and poisoning (II cluster). Levels of disease different from those of Yakutia: in most cases (10 classes of diseases) morbidity lower; and only on infectious diseases and neoplasms levels of morbidity were higher than in the Republic of Yakutia. Is projected increase оf morbidity for the majority classes of diseases in a group the study area. For four diseases (out of 12) classes of diseases morbidity levels are projected to be higher than the corresponding figures of Yakutia. Prospective indicators of morbidity diseases of eight classes will be at the significantly lower level.

Siberian subtype of TBE virus dominates in the most part of Russia outside of the Far East. Peculiarity of immunity induced by Siberian subtype during disease or inapparent infection and change of immunity after vaccination are described in this article. Protective titre of antibodies and persistence of TBE virus (TBEV) in vaccinated organism are discussed.

F. tularensis strain 15/23-1 recA is different from the vaccine strain F. tularensis line 15 NIIEG by lacking one from the two copies of iglC gene and recA gene has reduced its reactogenicity for experimental animals (BALB/c mice and guinea pigs): transient weight reduction is less expressed, as well as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia during the first week after the immunization, compared to vaccine strain. The concentration of gamma-interferon in mice blood serum after 7 days immunized with strain 15/23-1 recA, was 5 times less than in mice immunized with strain 15 NIIEG. The virulence of the modified strain for mice is less than for the strain 15 NIIEG by more than two orders of magnitude. According to histological studies F. tularensis strain 15/23-1 recA stimulates morphologically a more expressed immune rearrangement in the spleen and lymph nodes as compared to F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG. The difference of strain 15/23-1 recA from vaccine is that it is not detected in the spleens of experimental animals at 21 days after immunization. The level of specific antibodies in sera of immunized mice and guinea pigs were almost identical in both variants and there was no significant difference in the amount of gamma interferon synthesized by splenocytes of mice under specific induction. Immune mice were protected against subcutaneous challenge with virulent strain of tularemia 503 (subsp. holarctica) and protective immunity formed by the strains was lasting more than 180 days.

In recent years, there is a persistent increase in the spread of community-acquired infections and medical care associated infections, the cause of which is S. aureus. Previously using liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, spectrum of having protective activity S. aureus № 6 proteins with a molecular weight of 30 - 50 kDa, secreted into the culture medium at the end of the exponential growth phase, was investigated. 11 proteins were identified from indicated peptides and preliminary results of the protective activity of the secreted protein-based substances (SPS), marked as «initial», were obtained. While its fractionation with ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, the protective fraction - II SPS - was obtained. Its hypodermic immunization leads to reduction of kidney inoculation, and to kidney abscess formation, compared to the control, during the generalized infection of mice BALB/c, developing as a result of retro-orbital injection of sublethal dose S. aureus. Aim. investigation the protective extracellular proteome II SPS S. aureus № 6. Material and methods. LC-MS analysis of the received data was carried out by comparing the detected mass-spectrum protein IISPS with the results of proteomic study of the virulent strain of S. aureus Newman widely used in researches. More than 100 interacting protein clusters were identified for certain using various databases. Results. During analysis main attention was paid to 46 identified proteins involved in various biological processes. Thus, the largest group (19 proteins) is composed of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, eight of which are involved in key stages of glycolysis; 6 proteins are related to pathogenicity factors (including clamping factors A and B, gaptoglobin-adhesive surface protein) and 4 proteins are related to stress ones. The remaining 17 proteins represent a large group of proteins involved in various metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Conclusion. The received results confirmed the data of other researchers on the identification of a large number of secreted proteins of S. aureus and on their low coincidence with secreted from clinical isolates. This demonstrates the validity of the postulate of the plasticity of the S. aureus genome affecting the exoproteome profile that largely determines the difficulties in creation of effective anti-staphylococcal vaccines.

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.