Objective: evaluate the incidence of diphtheria in Russia from the beginning of mass immunization of children to date and analysis of long-term studies of coverage of vaccination and the state of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity of the population. Materials and methods. Presents the incidence of diphtheria in 1955 - 2016 and analysis of the condition of antidiphtheria antitoxic immunity of the population of Russia (2010 - 2016) according to seromonitoring of the 83 subjects of the Russian Federation. We examined 367 031 people, of which 65 557 children, 74 033 teenagers and 277 441 adults and examined 13 785 control of blood serum of indicator groups of 52 subjects of the Russian Federation (2 888 children, teenagers and adults 1 639 - 9 258 people) to assess the uality of seromonitoring in the subjects of the Russian Federation and the data associated with the level of previtali of the population. The level of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity was determined using the reaction of passive hemagglutination antigen of the antigenic. The immunity level was evaluated by the content of medium and high titers of antibodies in serum. The aggregation of data in the work were used the methods of parametric statistics. Results and discussion. Before 1959, in Russia the incidence of iphtheria was very high - 68 0 - 93 0 per 100 thousand population Mass immunization of children was carried out only since 1959 (decree No. 323 «On the elimination of the incidence of diphtheria in the USSR», approved by the USSR health Ministry, 1959 June 23). After the introduction of the Order of the mass immunization of children since 1959, the incidence began to decline sharply - annually by 30 - 40%. In 1968, the incidence rate was 0.89 and in 1975 - 0.03. Total sick 51. However, from 1980 to 1985 marked rise in the incidence (0.2 - 0.9) were mostly ill adults, and since 1990 began a new expansion of morbidity. In 1994, the incidence rate was equal to 26.8 per 100 thousand population. Was 39 703 cases, died 1 104 people, of whom 254 of the child. according to the Ministry of health report the reason for the rise - sereznye deficiencies in the organization and conduct of immunization. After the mass immunization of the entire population in 1993 - 1995 the incidence began to decline after the 2nd booster vaccination in adults (2005) incidence rates were at the level of hundredths per 100 thousand population - 0.06 - -0.01 and in 2011 at the evel of thousandths - 0.006 - 0.001. Since 2009 was not registered fatal cases. The level of immunization of the population of the Russian Federation from 2005 - 2016. was consistently high in children, 96.6 - 97.1% among adolescents of 96.8 - 99.6% in adults in total and by age groups, consistent with the requirements of the who - 97.7 - 98.3%. Information on high levels of vaccination coverage are confirmed by the results of serological monitoring and data control studies of serum. In 2010 - 2015 in children antibody on the protective level was identified 95.2± 0.2% 97.0 ± 0.15% serum in high tension immunity (77.1 ± 0.37% 88.5 ± 0.3%); among teenagers - 97.6 ± 0.13% 98.2 ± 0.12% and 88.1 ± 0.26% - 91.0 ± 0.26%; in adults 91.1 ± 0.17% - 94.5 ± 0.19% and 74.1 ± 0.26% - 84.0 ± 0.18% respectively. By age group adults in Russia on average the condition of antidiphtheria immunity in all years was high at 96.6 ± 0.37% - 97.5% ± 0.17% and somewhat lower in older age groups - 88.0 ± 0.48% - 90.3 ± 0.43% (50 - 59, 60 years old and >). Data control studies of blood serum of children, teenagers and adults: 90.7 ± 0.89% 99.5 ± 0.5%; 92.2 ± 0.6% - 100% и 87.1 ± 1.03% 95.6 ± 0 . 64% respectively. Conclusion: long-time study of the condition of antidiphtheria immunity of the population and control studies of serum of indicator groups, allowed to estimate objectively high level of specific protection of the population against diphtheria. This has contributed to stabilizing the incidence at a sporadic level, with sporadic cases; no deaths and will continue to provide a favorable prognosis for diphtheria in the country

Pneumococcal infections are among the most common infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Russia. At the end of 2014 in the national immunization schedule countries introduced vaccination against pneumococcal infection The aim of study. To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in young children selectively in different territories of the Russian Federation 2 years later from its beginning Materials and methods. In the course of epidemiological observational analytical research of type «case-control» data were obtained on the incidence in vaccinated and unvaccinated against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to 2 years We analyzed 1422 outpatients and 356 case histories of children in several cities (Moscow, Smolensk, Sevastopol, Perm, Tyumen, Barnaul). The results are subjected to statistical processing The results and discussion Established that there is a reliable causal connection between the lack of vaccination of children against pneumococcal infection and incidence of diseases. Shows high prophylactic efficacy of vaccination of children up to 2 years. Received in outpatient and inpatient facilities, evidence suggests that the incidence of invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated children It was revealed that the vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to one year and the second year of life was 51 and 40% respectively. Vaccination in the first six months of life in 2016 received only 25% of children. A high proportion of the parent's refusal of vaccination of children (54.2%), and high frequency medical taps (9.7%) from vaccination.

Actuality. Modern medicine shows a sharp growth of patients with comorbid and concurrent chronic diseases, involving not only the mature and older persons but also the young people. Combined diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems are the main cause of death, disability of the population and major labor losses. The aim of this work was to study the vaccine prophylaxis effectiveness for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients having the different Charlson comorbidity index. Material and methods: This study covered 174 patients with COPD and IHD. All patients were subject to the complex clinical research, including the medical assessment, patient complaints, medical history, physical and instrumental examinations and pathology tests Assessment of respiratory function and general Body plethysmography were performed Degree of dyspnea was assessed using a scale provided by Medical Research Center. Number of COPD exacerbations, hospitalizations and pneumonia development cases were analyzed. Modified Charlson comorbidity index was calculated for all patients Results and conclusions: Among the patients with comorbidity the severe manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease correspond to the more pronounced functional classes of angina pectoris. With the comorbidity index growth the number of exacerbations, hospitalizations and pneumonia cases were increasing. Vaccine prophylaxis is the most effective for the patients having the lower comorbidity indices and shows a tendency to stabilize these indicators for the patients having the moderate & high levels of comorbidity, and therefore, are to be recommended for all COPD and CVD patients. Changes in clinical and functional parameters of respiratory function for COPD patients are statistical-significantly different for the patients having the low and high levels of comorbidity.

Antiepidemic measures were limited effectiveness for several years Objectives of this research were formulated as an assessment of the immunogenicity activity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the composition of modern trivaccines Immunogenicity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the vaccinated by vaccine was assessed by graphing, reflecting the dynamics of the multiplicity growth of antibodies (MG) and medium ratio of antibodies increasing (MR) in sera for several groups vaccinated. For comparison of vaccinated immunity was determined by traditional methods of evaluation of the immune response. As a result of the research, differences in the immunogenicity activity of the virus were revealed, which are reflected in antibody titers and the multiplicities of their growth from 2 to 4 - 8 times with the applying of similar quality vaccines. These changes couldn’t be observed with accounting study of the immune response. When immunized with a vaccine with an antigen dose of 5 mg HA identified a group of«silent» volunteers (8%) who did not respond to promotion with antigen A(H1N1)pdm09. Increasing dose of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 to 15 mg/dose in the split vaccine were result of the elimination of the group of«silent» volunteers. Simultaneously was observed a significant increase in the immune response in serum titers (up to 32-fold) and antibody growth rates Accordingly, using of the graphical form of accounting made it possible to better assess the details of the formation of collective immunity to the virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and the nature of its deviations in a number of cases.

Abstract estimation of anti-epidemic efficacy of a polymer-subunit vaccine Grippol® for large-scale immunization in adult work collectives and secondary schools in Vitebsk, Minsk and Grodno was conducted. Acute respiratory infection agents were detected by the means of RT-PCR in selected individuals. The overall number of participants was 12308 (5391 were children aged 6 - 17 and 6917 were 18 years or older). Influenza and ARI morbidity analysis demonstrates that Grippol® plus has a high anti-epidemic efficacy, reducing the influenza morbidity in the vaccinated cohort by 2.1 (adults) and 3.0 (children) times compared to that in unvaccinated persons. Efficacy and efficacy rate amounted to 50 3% and 2 2 in adults and 66 2% and 3 0 in children respectively A decrease in number of recurrent diseases complications in children was also demonstrated A dynamic morbidity analysis showed that in unvaccinated children there had been an evident increase in influenza and ARI among the unvaccinated children in late January - February 2016, while among the children who were vaccinated the morbidity rate was consistently low across all months of the influenza season.

On the basis of literature data and results of own research in the article describes the features of the epidemiology of combined natural focal infections, their distribution in the Russian Federation, pathogenesis and clinical features to suit different combinations of pathogen agents. The data on the mixed infection of ticks by different agents in various combinations, as well as polyetiology infected of reservoir hosts Showing different variants of combined natural focal infections in humans caused by the associations of microorganisms, including up to five assiociants, as well as features of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations Based on original research developed a method of a quantitative estimation the activity of combined natural foci and complex of measures on surveillance and control of combined natural focal infections.

A comparative molecular epidemiological analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mongolia and the neighboring regions of Russia was conducted. The aim was the determining of mutual influence the TB in the studied countries. Selected samples of the Mongolian (309 strains) and Russian (933 strains) cohorts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were carried out based on the results of genotyping (used deletion analysis for RD 105/207, MIRU-VNTR 24 genotyping and subtyping of the clone CC2/W148 by the specific deletion in the kdpD gene). The results of the study indicate the isolation of transmission of TB infection in Mongolia, despite the activity of the historically formed migration between Mongolia and Russia: in the studied territories, the genotypic spectrum is qualitatively different. The subtypes CC1, CC2 and BL7 of the genotype Beijing predominate in the Russian territories (Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai and Irkutsk Region), and the CC4 subtype of the genotype Beijing presents in Mongolia (64.5%). The molecular genetic structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has no significant differences in the borderlands with Russia and in the central provinces of Mongolia.

The evaluation of sensitization conducted on guinea pig leukocytes immunized with the cell wall preparations of F. tularensis. In this research was shown that the cell wall preparations F tularensis subsp mediaasiatica A-61 and F tularensis subsp tularensis В-399 A-Cole do not caused allergization in contrast with cell wall prepararions of F. tularensis 15 (extracted by Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene) and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica 306.

Background Pertussis outbreaks are continuously observed in different countries despite many years of specific prophylaxis measures for this infection, use of whole-cell and acellular vaccines and use of different schemes of immunization. In our country, even with the overall morbidity stabilization, outbreaks of pertussis continue to be recorded even in regions where the situation was satisfactory previously. As a rule, the majority of epidemic pertussis foci were limited to 1 case of disease (without spread of infection) -86.4% in average. The prevalence of mild clinical forms of disease that are hard to detect, poor effectiveness of the bacteriological method used for examination of exposed persons, and a decrease in the number of examined persons suggest underreporting of whooping cough cases. The most reliable information on the epidemic process manifestations of pertussis can be obtained during outbreaks. Therefore, we conducted a review of outbreaks of pertussis in a small town of district subordinance. Materials and methods As methods of our study we used retrospective epidemiological analysis, serological and molecular genetic methods. The main sources of information were emergency reports and epidemiological investigation of pertussis. Results and discussion From July 28, 2015 to March 24, 2016 year 58 cases of pertussis were observed. Three secondary schools, two grammar schools, five kindergartens, one trade school and the children not attending any educational facility were affected by the outbreak of whooping cough. In the end, during the outbreak, there were 6 foci in kindergartens, 1 focus in the trade school, 18 -in secondary schools, 53 household foci, with the number of patients ranging from 1 to 18. Age distribution was as follows: 50 children (86.2%), 6 adolescents (10.3%) and 2 (3.5%) adults. Among those, 9 people have not been vaccinated against pertussis, with three more also considered un-vaccinated due to an unknown vaccination status, and three children received just one dose of the DPT vaccine; 43 patients had been vaccinated against pertussis, including one who received three doses of the vaccine, 41 had a booster pertussis vaccination. In most cases the source of infection could not be established. 44 patients had a mild form of whooping cough, while 1 case was a combination of pertussis and parapertussis, and 13 patients had medium or severe form of the disease. Conclusion The almost simultaneous identification of whooping cough cases by a number of institutions suggest the existence hidden pertussis cases. Despite the fact that vaccination in household foci is not indicted, it is still possible to prevent the spread of pertussis. It was enough to suspect whooping cough in children coughing for more than 7 days and order laboratory examination to avoid any prolonged stay of an infection source in an organized collective. Overcrowded accommodation in neighbourhoods, close contacts of children at neighborhood playgrounds in neighborhoods and supplementary education classes were the factors that allowed the infection to spread to many institutions of the city.

The article discusses the methodological foundations of epidemiological diagnostics - the basis for risk-oriented approach to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). It outlines goals, objectives, basic terms and sequence of steps in the organization and conduct of epidemiological diagnostics. The importance of epidemiological surveillance of HAI is underlined. The article describes the main principles of descriptive and analytical studies in the structure of epidemiological diagnostics of HAI.

The results of a 5-year practical implementation of mobile pulsed xenon ultraviolet units UIKB-01- «Alpha» in the epidemiological support of the Kama Children's Medical Center are presented. The high biocidal efficiency of air disinfection and open surfaces with pulsed UV radiation of the continuous spectrum with respect to the sanitary-indicative microorganisms sown in the premises of the Center is shown

This paper presents the risk analysis of influenza virus infection in different age groups based on the prevalence and mortality rates. The epidemiological characteristics of the influenza virus circulation during postpandemic period are given. Main aspects of specific and non-specific influenza prevention are discussed. The efficacy of the interferon-based medication Grippferon in the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is justified.

A review of the actual problems concerning the meningococcal carriage is presented. The review includes: the epidemiological features of meningococcal carriage, the phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of the carriage strains, the modern models of the carriage, the general and local (mucosal) immune protection induced by the carriage. The significance of genetic and virulence heterogenicity of carriage meningococcal population is underlined.

Introduction. Vaccination - the greatest achievement of mankind in the fight against infectious diseases. Immunization is the most common medical intervention, so the quality and safety of vaccines are special requirements. Identification, registration and investigation of adverse events following immunization are necessary to ensure its security and commitment of the population to be vaccinated. Objective: Optimize registration, investigation of UR after the immunization. Materials and methods: In April 2016 the Republic of Tatarstan Department staff vaccination WHO European Office conducted an audit of WHO for organizing immunization. In preparation for the audit, in order to create an action plan to improve the system for recording and investigation of adverse reactions (AR) analyzed 711 reports of AR, the final acts of the investigation AR, other medical documentation received by the Republican Centre for Immunoprophylaxis of Ministry of Healthcare of Tatarstan and notices received in the information database The Information and Methodological Center for Expertise, Accounting and Analysis Means of Medical Purpose in 2013 - 2016 Results and discussion In the Republic of Tatarstan approved the form of the identification message (suspected) unusual reaction, post-vaccination complications (suspect) as a result of immuno-biological drugs and the act of investigation of unusual reactions (suspected), post-vaccination complications (suspect) as a result of immunobiological drugs To consideration all cases of adverse reactions following vaccination was created Republican immunological сommission. Most of the reports (99%) came from the medical institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan, while only 1% of the messages were recorded by pharmaceutical companies. In most cases (98%) of UR after immunization observed in children aged 1 to 7 years. Significantly more AR were observed after immunization drugs belonging to the National calendar of preventive vaccinations, they accounted for 99.1% (705 cases), (p < 0.05). A significant number of UR associated with common disorders in health, local manifestations of vaccine introduction. Of the major UR met defeat of various organs and systems, but often observed manifestations of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The group of major AR from the immune system have been included 2 (0.28%) cases of urticaria and anaphylactic shock in one patient, which was 0.1%. Lymphadenitis detected in 3 (0.4%) cases. Less rest fixed haematological disorders. Only 72.9% of the cards, notices have been filled in full Conclusions The Republic of Tatarstan is actively working to improve the accounting and investigation of adverse post-vaccination events. The National Centre for immunization was created, designed and approved the form of reports to detection (suspicion) unusual reaction, post-vaccination complications (suspicion) as a result of immuno-biological drugs, as well as the act of investigation of these phenomena. To consideration all cases of adverse reactions following vaccination was created Republican immunological commission. It was found that the largest number of AR occur when the vaccines included in the National calendar of preventive vaccinations. Most vaccines after application AR are not serious AR (96.5%), a major amount of which is connected with common disturbances in health status and local manifestations in administration Revealed insufficient activity of health professionals in accounting and registration of all AR that requires the provision of a wider information to health workers and parents on this issue. An important element of optimization work on accounting, registration AR is the actualization of the existing normative legal documents regulating the work of this section.

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.